home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=93HT1365>
- <link 93XP0500>
- <title>
- Stalin: What Next?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--Stalin Portrait
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- March 16, 1953
- What Next?
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Scores of dictators throughout history have hoped to push
- their power beyond death by trying to decree their succession;
- most have failed. Did Stalin turn the trick before death took
- him?
- </p>
- <p> Stalin himself had to establish his rule during years of
- bloody struggle and, in a sense, the struggle never ended; the
- latest major Soviet purge took place only a few months before he
- died. Masters who rule a people by fear are doomed to fear
- themselves. In this respect, Stalin's regime was never secure,
- nor can Malenkov's be.
- </p>
- <p> Yet Malenkov has at his disposal an apparatus of tyranny
- beyond anything known in the past. Julius Caesar, who went to the
- Senate unarmed on the Ides of March, had to deal with--and to a
- degree respect--a tradition of freedom, almost absent in
- Russia. Napoleon I, who vainly tried to legitimize his rule with
- a papal anointing and a blue-blooded wife, suffered military
- disaster of a kind that has not yet befallen Soviet Russia.
- Russia's own Peter the Great, who sent his only son to death for
- disagreeing with his reforms and failed to pick another
- successor, bequeathed Russia a murderous struggle for power that
- lasted for a century; but he faced a nobility and a clergy that
- had never really submitted to the Czars.
- </p>
- <p> Malenkov has some assets in his inheritance which no other
- dictator had:
- </p>
- <p>-- A generation which never knew anything but Communist
- rule, and has been trained not to think but to obey.
- </p>
- <p>-- The purging in nearly three decades of men with
- independent minds or excessive ambitions, including some personal
- enemies of Malenkov's.
- </p>
- <p>-- The ideology of Communism which has inspired many men
- with intense loyalty and discipline--even distant Malayans in
- loincloths and atomic scientists in blue serge suits. This dogma,
- to most Western eyes, is a thick, grey, gummy paste, but it does
- cement. No secular government in history has allotted such
- importance to it as an ingredient of government.
- </p>
- <p> Despite these assets, Malenkov faces great dangers. These
- are some of them:
- </p>
- <p> Rivals. His four Deputy Premiers, and many other men in the
- party and the government, are older and more experienced than he;
- some still belong to the "first generation" of the revolution,
- which probably never quite got used to the young
- "Neanderthalers." Molotov and Kaganovich are perhaps neither able
- nor ambitious enough to set themselves up against Malenkov.
- Beria, who controls the police, has long been regarded as an ally
- of Malenkov's; furthermore, since alliances are of dubious value
- in Soviet Russia, Malenkov is said to have top men of his own in
- Beria's outfit. The army could conceivably seize power through
- some popular general like Zhukov--and must be watched--but it
- has shown very little political ambition in the past.
- </p>
- <p> Russia's top leaders probably now have a feeling that they
- must hang together lest they hang separately. That feeling could
- last months or years. Yet Malenkov will have to purge, if only to
- show and prove his power. Malenkov may establish himself as
- Stalin II; it is also possible that a new Stalin may emerge from
- relative obscurity. If a struggle is inevitable, there are no
- signs of one yet.
- </p>
- <p> The Satellites, which are being mercilessly exploited, and
- have least cause to feel loyalty or affection, are the points
- where trouble may occur most quickly.
- </p>
- <p> China is Malenkov's major external problem. Mao Tse-tung, an
- active and devoted Communist before Malenkov was out of school,
- seems to have regarded Stalin with reverence; Chinese Communist
- propaganda billed Mao and Stalin as a kind of heroic brother act;
- Mao deferred only to Stalin as a superior warrior, a superior
- revolutionary and a superior theoretician. Diplomats
- (particularly Britain's and Tito's) are hopeful for an
- exploitable crack in the Moscow-Peking axis. So far, the common
- interests that tie Moscow and Peking seem stronger than the
- irritations that could divide them.
- </p>
- <p> War might be the surest way for Malenkov to destroy himself
- and his regime. Does he realize it? Many Europeans fear that
- Malenkov, lacking Stalin's shrewd caution, may plunge the world
- into war, possibly as a way out of internal Russian troubles.
- These days that is an expensive way of quelling local
- disturbances. A Stalin, as "God," could simply twist, turn or
- retreat in the name of orthodoxy or of a new revelation.
- Malenkov, until he establishes himself in divinity, may feel
- compelled to act with such rigidity as to get himself into
- disastrous situations.
- </p>
- <p> Malenkov. Probably Georgy Malenkov's greatest internal
- danger is Georgy Malenkov. Both in Russia and in the rest of the
- world, he is dwarfed by the tremendous shadow of Joseph Stalin.
- Millions of people revere Stalin as the man who beat Hitler. The
- Russian propaganda machine for years presented Stalin as a
- demigod and rewrote history to glorify him. Malenkov has many
- battles to win, many decisions to make, much history to rewrite,
- and many men to kill, before he can begin to touch Stalin's
- reputation. He has succeeded him, but he has not replaced him.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-